Nobel Winner

From 1901 to 2010

1901 - Sully Prudhomme

1902 - Theodor Mommsen

1903 - Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson

1904 - Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray

1905 - Henryk Sienkiewicz

1906 - Giosuè Carducci

1907 - Rudyard Kipling

1908 - Rudolf Eucken

1909 - Selma Lagerlöf

1910 - Paul Heyse

Poem

If They Answer Not 

          If they answer not to thy call, walk alone. 

          If they are afraid and    

          Cower mutely against the wall          

          O thou of evil luck        

          Open thy mind and speak out alone.

         

          If they turn away and desert   

          You while crossing the desert,

          O thou of evil luck        

          Trample the thorns under your tread,       

          And along the blood stained track, walk alone.   

         

          If they do not hold up the light when the   

          Night is troubled by storms    

          Of thou of evil luck,      

          With the thunder-flame of pain ignite your heart

          And let it burn—alone.”

—Rabindranath Tagore, Gitanjali (1912)

HIV and AIDS

What are HIV and AIDS?

1. HIV means Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

2. AIDS means Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

3. HIV is a virus that causes AIDS.

4. HIV attacks lymphocytes (white blood corpuscles). As a result the body has difficulty fighting off certain bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microbes.

5. AIDS is a state in which a person’s immunity to fight against diseases is completely destroyed. Then he/she is affected by severe infections.

The Genteel Tradition

In the early 19^th centry, the new social and economic influences widened the cultural horizens of american society. The first of these was the tendency of the past, the growth of the historic sense. Irving and Cooprt early showed how historical legends could be woven about the familiar landscapes to add richness. The development of historical writing later owed much to Americans who had studied in Germany during the first half of the century.  

Regional Literature

Regional literature particularizes each fact of the nature and human enviorenment peculiar to the selected locale. Henry james reviewing the Southern fiction to the American writers Constance Fenimore Woolson (1840-94) praised her familiarity with the natural objects of the region and observed the “She knows every plant and flower, every vague odor and sound, the song and flight of every bird, every tint of sky and murmur of the forest and she had noted scientifically the didlect of the (Negro) freedom. 

Surrealism

Surrealism is the by-product of many experiments which the writers have been making in order to explore the most appropriate modes for the expression of their experience. Its roots are, however, in realism. In literature even realism as a movement had taken many forms, owing primarily to the multiplicity of diverse opinions as to what, in truth, realism is. It is the realism of Chaucer: a personal and subjective vision of the external phenomenon, the external world of nature and man coloured by the temperament of the observer? Or is it a more objective observation of the external facts and objects with as complete a detachment as we often associate with the impersonal observation of a scientist?