June 13 (English II)

June 2013

English Paper II

1. In Pinter’s Birthday Party, Stanley is given a birthday present. What is it?

(A) A toy

(B) A piano

(C) A drum

(D) A violin

Answer: (C)

2. How does Lord Jim end?

(A) Jim is shot through the chest by Doramin.

(B) Jim kills himself with a last unflinching glance.

(C) Jim answers “the call of exalted egoism” and betrays Jewel.

(D) Jim surrenders himself to Doramin.

Answer: (A)

3. “Where I lacked a political purpose, I wrote lifeless books.” To which of the following authors can we attribute the above admission?

(A) Graham Greene

(B) George Orwell

(C) Charles Morgan

(D) Evelyn Waugh

Answer: (B)

4. Modernism has been described as being concerned with “disenchantment of our culture with culture itself”. Who is the critic?

(A) Stephen Spender

(B) Malcolm Bradbury

(C) Lionel Trilling

(D) Joseph Frank

Answer: (C)

5. “Only that film, which fluttered on the grate, still flutters there, the sole unquiet thing.”

The above lines are quoted from

(A) “Tintern Abbey Revisited”

(B) “Michael”

(C) “Frost at Midnight”

(D) “This Lime-Tree Bower, My Prison”

Answer: (C)

6. Which one of the following modern poems employs ottava rima?

(A) “Among School Children”

(B) “In Praise of Limestone”

(C) “The Wild Swans at Coole”

(D) “The Shield of Achilles”

Answer: (A)

7. John Dryden in his heroic tragedy All for Love takes the story of Shakespeare’s

(A) Troilus and Cressida

(B) The Merchant of Venice

(C) Antony and Cleopatra

(D) Measure for Measure

Answer: (C)

8. Arrange the following works in the order in which they appear. Identify the correct code:

I. No Longer at Ease

II. Things Fall apart

III. A Man of the People

IV. Arrow of God

The correct combination according to the code is:

Code:

(A) III, IV, II, I

(B) IV, III, I, II

(C) II, I, IV, III

(D) I, II, III, IV

Answer: (C)

9. Samuel Pepys kept his diary from

(A) 1660 to 1669

(B) 1649 to 1660

(C) 1662 to 1689

(D) 1660 to 1689

Answer: (A)

10. In the Defence of Poetry, what did Sydney attribute to poetry?

(A) A magical power whereby poetry plays tricks on the reader.

(B) A divine power whereby poetry transmits a message from God to the reader.

(C) A moral power whereby poetry encourages the reader to evaluate virtuous models.

(D) A realistic power that cannot be made to seem like mere illusion and trickery.

Answer: (C)

11. An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot presents portraits of the following contemporary individuals:

(A) Addison and Lord Hervey

(B) Dryden and Rochester

(C) Swift and Steele

(D) Smollett and Defoe

Answer: (A)

12. Match the following authors with their works:

List – A                                   List – B

(Authors)                                 (Works)

I. Alice Walker                        1. Invisible Man

II. Ralph Ellison                      2. The Colour Purple

III. Richard Wright                 3. Their Eyes Were Watching God

IV  Zora Neale Hurston          4. Native Son

Which is the correct combination according to the code?

Code:

       I II III IV

(A) 2 1 3 4

(B) 3 4 2 1

(C) 4 3 1 2

(D) 1 2 4 3

Answer: (Wrong question)

13. Which of these plays by Shakespeare does not use ‘cross-dressing’ as a device?

(A) As You Like It

(B) Julius Caesar

(C) Cymbeline

(D) Two Gentlemen of Verona

Answer: (B)

14. Which of the following works cannot be categorised under postcolonial theory?

(A) Nation and Narration

(B) Orientalism

(C) Discipline and Punish

(D) White Mythologies

Answer: (C)

15. Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a classic statement of _________ Philosophy.

(A) Aesthetic

(B) Empiricist

(C) Nationalist

(D) Realist

Answer: (B)

16. “Power circulates in all directions, to and from all social levels, at all times.” Who said this?

(A) Edward Said

(B) Michel Foucault

(C) Jacques Derrida

(D) Roland Barthes

Answer: (B)

17. Which one of the following is not written by an Australian Aboriginal writer?

(A) Kath Walker

(B) Peter Carey

(C) Robert Bropho

(D) Jack Davis

Answer: (B)

18. Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Earl of Surrey jointly brought out Tottel’s Miscellany during the Renaissance.

Identify the name of the Earl of Surrey from the following:

(A) Thomas Lodge

(B) Thomas Nashe

(C) Thomas Sackville

(D) Henry Howard

Answer: (D)

19. Match the following lists:

List – I                                    List – I

(Novelists)                               (Novels)

I. Margaret Laurence              1. Surfacing

II. Margaret Atwood              2. The Stone Angel

III. Sinclair Ross                     3. Medicine River

IV. Thomas King                    4. As for Me and My House

Which is the correct combination according to the code?

Code:

      I II III IV

(A) 1 4 3 2

(B) 3 2 1 4

(C) 4 3 2 1

(D) 2 1 4 3

Answer: (D)

20. The dramatic structure of Restoration comedies combines in it the features of

I. The Elizabethan Theatre

II. The Neoclassical Theatre of Italy and France

III. The Irish Theatre

IV. The Greek Theatre

The correct combination according to the code is

Codes:

(A) I and IV are correct.

(B) III and IV are correct.

(C) II and III are correct.

(D) I and II are correct.

Answer: (D)

21. Which American poet wrote: “I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world”?

(A) Robert Lowell

(B) Walt Whitman

(C) Wallace Stevens

(D) Langston Hughes

Answer: (B)

22. The etymological meaning of the word “trope” is

(A) Gesture

(B) Turning

(C) Mirror

(D) Desire

Answer: (B)

23. Who among the following English poets defined poetic imagination as “a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite ‘I AM’ ”?

(A) Blake

(B) Wordsworth

(C) Coleridge

(D) Shelley

Answer: (C)

24. Little Nell is a character in Dickens’

(A) David Copperfield

(B) The Old Curiosity Shop

(C) Bleak House

(D) Great Expectations

Answer: (B)

25. Match the following:

List – A                                                                                   List – B

(Schools/Concept of Criticism)                                               (Critics)

I. Formalism                                                                            1. John Crow Ransom

II. New Critics                                                                        2. The Jungians

III. Psychological Theory of the Value of Literature                         3. Victor Shklovsky

IV. Literary art as archetypal image                                       4. I.A. Richards

The correct combination according to the code is:

Code:

      I II III IV

(A) 3 1 4 2

(B) 2 4 1 3

(C) 4 1 2 3

(D) 3 2 1 4

Answer: (A)

26. In the late seventeenth century a “Battle of Books” erupted between which two groups?

(A) Cavaliers and Roundheads

(B) Abolitionists and Enthusiasts for slaves

(C) Champions of Ancient and Modern Learning

(D) The Welsh and the Scots

Answer: (C)

27. “Everything that man esteems Endures a moment or a day Love’s pleasure drives his love away…” In the above quote the last line is an example of

(A) Allusion

(B) Pleonasm

(C) Paradox

(D) Zeugma

Answer: (C)

28. Match the author with the work:

List – I                                    List – II

(Authors)                                 (Works)

I. Kingsely Amis                     1. Saturday and Sunday Morning

II. Allan Silletoe                     2. The Golden Note Book

III. Doris Lessing                    3. The Left Bank

IV. Jean Rhys                                     4. Lucky Jim

Which is the correct combination according to the code?

Code:

      I II III IV

(A) 3 4 1 2

(B) 4 1 2 3

(C) 2 3 1 4

(D) 1 2 3 4

Answer: (B)

29. In which of Hardy’s novels does the character Abel Whittle appear?

(A) Far from the Madding Crowd

(B) The Return of the Native

(C) A Pair of Blue Eyes

(D) The Mayor of Caster bridge

Answer: (D)

30. The phrase “dark satanic mills” has become the most famous description of the force at the centre of the industrial revolution. The phrase was used by

(A) William Wordsworth

(B) William Blake

(C) Thomas Carlyle

(D) John Ruskin

Answer: (B)

31. “Five miles meandering with a mazy motion through wood and dale the scared river ran.” Where does this ‘sacred river’ directly run to?

(A) A lifeless ocean

(B) The caverns measureless

(C) A fountain

(D) The waves

Answer: (AB)

32. Who is the twentieth century poet, a winner of the Nobel Prize for literature who rejected the label “British” though he has always written in English rather than his regional language?

(A) Douglas Dunn

(B) Seamus Heaney

(C) Geoffrey Hill

(D) Philip Larkin

Answer: (B)

33. Which of the following statements best describes Sir Thomas Browne’s Religion Medici?

(A) It is a story of conversion or providential experiences.

(B) It emphasizes Browne’s love of mystery and wonder.

(C) It is full of angst, melancholy and dread of death.

(D) It reports the facts of Browne’s life.

Answer: (AB)

34. Which of the following characters from Eliot’s Waste Land is not correctly mentioned?

(A) The typist

(B) Madam Sosostris

(C) The Merchant from Eugenides

(D) The Young Man Carbuncular

Answer: (C)

35. Which one of the following best describes the general feeling expressed in literature during the last decade of the Victorian era?

(A) Studied melancholy and aestheticism

(B) The triumph of science and morbidity

(C) Sincere earnestness and Protestant zeal

(D) Raucous celebration combined with paranoid interpretation

Answer: (A)

36. Which poem by Shelley bears the alternative title, “The Spirit of Solitude”?

(A) Mont Blanc

(B) “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty”

(C) “Adonais”

(D) Alastor

Answer: (D)

37. Which tale in The Canterbury Tales uses the tradition of the Beast Fable?

(A) The Knight’s Tale

(B) The Monk’s Tale

(C) The Nun’s Priest’s Tale

(D) The Miller’s Tale

Answer: (C)

38. At the end of Sons and Lovers Paul Morel

(A) Sets off in quest of life away from his mother.

(B) Considers the option of committing suicide.

(C) Joins his elder brother William in London.

(D) Embraces a Schopenhauer – like nihilism.

Answer: (A)

39. When you say “I love her eyes, her hair, her nose, her cheeks, her lips” you are using a rhetorical device of

(A) Enumeration

(B) Ant anagoge

(C) Parataxis

(D) Hypo taxis

Answer: (A)

40. The following are two lists of plays and characters. Match them.

List – I                                                List – II

(Plays)                                                 (Characters)

I. Women Beware Women                 1. Malevole

II. The Malcontent                              2. Beatrice

III. The City Madam                          3. Bianca

IV. The Changeling                            4. Doll Tear sheet

Which is the correct combination according to the code?

Code:

      I II III IV

(A) 3 1 4 2

(B) 2 1 2 4

(C) 1 2 3 4

(D) 4 3 2 1

Answer: (A)

41. With Bacon the essay form is

(A) An intimate, personal confession

(B) Witty and boldly imagistic

(C) The aphoristic expression of accumulated public wisdom

(D) Homely and vulgar

Answer: (C)

42. Evelyn Waugh’s Trilogy published together as Sword of Honour is about

(A) The English at War

(B) The English Aristocracy

(C) The Irish question

(D) Scottish nationalism

Answer: (A)

43. Who coined the phrase “The Two Nations” to describe the disparity in Britain between the rich and the poor?

(A) Charles Dickens

(B) Thomas Carlyle

(C) Benjamin Disraeli

(D) Frederick Engels

Answer: (C)

44. Milton introduces Satan and the fallen angels in the Book I of Paradise Lost. Two of the chief devils reappear in Book II. They are

I. Moloch

II. Clemos

III. Belial

IV. Thamuz

The correct combination according to the code is

Code:

(A) I and IV are correct.

(B) I and III are correct.

(C) I and II are correct.

(D) II and III are correct.

Answer: (B)

45. When Chaucer describes the Friar as a “noble pillar of order”, he is using

(A) Irony

(B) Simile

(C) Understatement

(D) Personification

Answer: (A)

46. John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger is an example of

(A) Drawing room comedy

(B) kitchen-sink drama

(C) Absurd drama

(D) Melodrama

Answer: (B)

47. Which character in Jane Eyre uses religion to justify cruelty?

(A) Blanche Ingram

(B) Mr. Brocklehurst

(C) Sir John Rivers

(D) Eliza Reed

Answer: (B)

48. Which Romantic poet defined a slave as ‘a person perverted into a thing’?

(A) Blake

(B) Coleridge

(C) Keats

(D) Shelley

Answer: (B)

49. John Suckling belongs to the group of

(A) Metaphysical poets

(B) Cavalier poets

(C) Neo-classical poets

(D) Religious poets

Answer: (B)

50. Sir Thomas More creates the character of a traveller into whose mouth the account of Utopia is put. His name is

(A) Michael

(B) Raphael

(C) Henry

(D) Thomas

Answer: (B)

UGC NET 2012 (June): Paper I

1. Video-Conferencing can be classified as one of the following types of communication :

 (A) Visual one way

 (B) Audio-Visual one way

 (C) Audio-Visual two way

 (D) Visual two way

Answer: (C)

2. MC National University of Journalism and Communication is located at

(A) Lucknow 

(B) Bhopal

(C) Chennai 

(D) Mumbai

Answer: (B)

3. All India Radio (A.I.R.) for broadcasting was named in the year

(A) 1926 

(B) 1936

(C) 1946 

(D) 1956

Answer: (B)

4. In India for broadcasting TV programmes which system is followed ?

(A) NTCS 

(B) PAL

(C) NTSE 

(D) SECAM

Answer: (B)

5. The term ‘DAVP’ stands for

 (A) Directorate of Advertising & Vocal Publicity

 (B) Division of Audio-Visual Publicity

 (C) Department of Audio-Visual Publicity

 (D) Directorate of Advertising & Visual Publicity

Answer: (D)

6. The term “TRP” is associated with TV shows stands for

 (A) Total Rating Points

 (B) Time Rating Points

 (C) Thematic Rating Points

 (D) Television Rating Points

Answer: (D)

7. Which is the number that comes next in the following sequence?

 2,  6,  12,  20,  30,  42,  56, _____

(A) 60 

(B) 64

(C) 72 

(D) 70

Answer: (C)

8. Find the next letter for the series  YVSP ………

(A) N 

(B) M

(C) O 

(D) L

Answer: (B)

9. Given that in a code language, ‘645’ means ‘day is warm’; ‘42’ means ‘warm spring’ and ‘634’ means ‘spring is sunny’; which digit represents ‘sunny’ ?

(A) 3 

(B) 2

(C) 4 

(D) 5

Answer: (A)

10. The basis of the following classification is :

 ‘first President of India’ ‘author of Godan’ ‘books in my library’, ‘blue things’ and ‘students who work hard’

 (A) Common names

 (B) Proper names

 (C) Descriptive phrases

 (D) Indefinite description

Answer: (C)

11. In the expression ‘Nothing is larger than itself’ the relation ‘is larger than’ is

 (A) antisymmetric

 (B) asymmetrical

 (C) intransitive

 (D) irreflexive

Answer: (D)

12. Assertion (A) : There are more laws on the books today than ever   before, and more crimes being committed than ever before.

Reason (R) : Because to reduce crime we must eliminate the laws.

Choose the correct answer from below :

 (A) (A) is true, (R) is doubtful and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

 (B) (A) is false, (R) is true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

 (C) (A) is doubtful, (R) is doubtful and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

 (D) (A) is doubtful, (R) is true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Answer: (A)

13. If the proposition “All men are not mortal” is true then which of the following inferences is correct ? Choose from the code given below :

 1. “All men are mortal” is true.

 2. “Some men are mortal” is false.

 3. “No men are mortal” is doubtful.

 4. “All men are mortal” is false.

Code :

(A) 1, 2 and 3 

(B) 2, 3 and 4

(C) 1, 3 and 4 

(D) 1 and 3

Answer: (B)

14. Determine the nature of the following definition :

 “Abortion” means the ruthless murdering of innocent beings.

(A) Lexical 

(B) Persuasive

(C) Stipulative 

(D) Theoretical

Answer: (B)

15. Which one of the following is not an argument ?

 (A) Devadutt does not eat in the day so he must be eating at night.

 (B) If Devadutt is growing fat and if he does not eat during the day, he will be eating at night.

 (C) Devadutt eats in the night so he does not eat during the day.

 (D) Since Devadutt does not eat in the day, he must be eating in the night.

Answer: (B)

16. Venn diagram is a kind of diagram to

 (A) represent and assess the validity of elementary inferences of syllogistic form.

 (B) represent but not assess the validity of elementary inferences of syllogistic form.

 (C) represent and assess the truth of elementary inferences of syllogistic form.

 (D) assess but not represent the truth of elementary inferences of syllogistic form

Answer: (A)

17. Reasoning by analogy leads to

 (A) certainty

 (B) definite conclusion

 (C) predictive conjecture 

 (D) surety 

Answer: (C)

18. Which of the following statements are false ? Choose from the code given below :

 1. Inductive arguments always proceed from the particular to the general.

 2. A cogent argument must be inductively strong.

 3. A valid argument may have a false premise and a false conclusion.

 4. An argument may legitimately be spoken of as ‘true’ or ‘false’.

Code :

(A) 2, 3 and 4 

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 2 and 4 

(D) 1 and 2

Answer: (C)

19. Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are standing in a circle. B is between F and C, A is between E and D, F is to the left of D. Who is between A and F ?

(A) B 

(B) C

(C) D 

(D) E

Answer: (C)

20. The price of petrol increases by 25%. By what percentage must a customer reduce the consumption so that the earlier bill on the petrol does not alter ?

(A) 20% 

(B) 25%

(C) 30% 

(D) 33.33%

Answer: (A)

21. If Ram knows that y is an integer greater than 2 and less than 7 and Hari knows that y is an integer greater than 5 and less than 10, then they may correctly conclude that

 (A) y can be exactly determined

 (B) y may be either of two values

 (C) y may be any of three values

 (D) there is no value of y satisfying these conditions

Answer: (A)

22. Four pipes can fill a reservoir in 15, 20, 30 and 60 hours respectively. The first one was opened at 6 AM, second at 7 AM, third at 8 AM and the fourth at 9 AM. When will the reservoir be filled ?

(A) 11 AM 

(B) 12 Noon

(C) 1 PM 

(D) 1:30 PM

The total electricity generation in a country is 97 GW. The contribution of various energy sources is indicated in percentage terms in the Pie Chart given below ;

Answer: (C)

23. What is the contribution of wind and solar power in absolute terms in the electricity generation ?

(A) 6.79 GW 

(B) 19.4 GW

(C) 9.7 GW 

(D) 29.1 GW

Answer: (A)

24. What is the contribution of renewable energy sources in absolute terms in the electricity generation ?

(A) 29.1 GW 

(B) 26.19 GW

(C) 67.9 GW 

(D) 97 GW

Answer: (B)

25. TCP/IP is necessary if one is to connect to the

 (A) Phone lines 

 (B) LAN

 (C) Internet 

 (D) a Server

Answer: (C)

26. Each character on the keyboard of computer has an ASCII value which stands for

 (A) American Stock Code for Information Interchange

 (B) American Standard Code for Information Interchange

 (C) African Standard Code for Information Interchange

 (D) Adaptable Standard Code for Information Change

Answer: (B)

27. Which of the following is not a programming language ?

 (A) Pascal

 (B) Microsoft Office

 (C) Java

 (D) C++

Answer: (B)

28. Minimum number of bits required to store any 3 digit decimal number is equal to

 (A) 3 

 (B) 5

 (C) 8 

 (D) 10

Answer: (D)

29. Internet explorer is a type of

 (A) Operating System

 (B) Compiler

 (C) Browser

 (D) IP address

Answer: (C)

30. POP3 and IMAP are e-mail accounts in which

 (A) One automatically gets one’s mail everyday

 (B) One has to be connected to the server to read or write one’s mail

 (C) One only has to be connected to the server to send and receive email

 (D) One does not need any telephone lines

Answer: (C)

31. Irritation in eyes is caused by the pollutant

 (A) Sulphur di-oxide

 (B) Ozone

 (C) PAN

 (D) Nitrous oxide

Answer: (C)

32. Which is the source of chlorofluorocarbons ?

 (A) Thermal power plants

 (B) Automobiles

 (C) Refrigeration and Airconditioning

 (D) Fertilizers 

Answer: (C)

33. Which of the following is not a renewable natural resource ?

(A) Clean air 

(B) Fertile soil

(C) Fresh water 

(D) Salt

Answer: (D)

34. Which of the following parameters is not used as a pollution indicator in water ?

(A) Total dissolved solids

(B) Coliform count

(C) Dissolved oxygen

(D) Density

Answer: (D)

35. S and P waves are associated with

(A) floods 

(B) wind energy

(C) earthquakes 

(D) tidal energy

Answer: (C)

36. Match Lists I and II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List – I  List – II 

(i) Ozone hole  (a) Tsunami

(ii) Greenhouse effect (b) UV radiations

(iii) Natural hazards (c) Methane

(iv) Sustainable development (d) Eco-centrism

Codes :

  (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

 (A) (b) (c) (a) (d)

 (B) (c) (b) (a) (d)

 (C) (d) (c) (a) (b)

 (D) (d) (b) (c) (a)

Answer: (A)

37. Indian Institute of Advanced Study is located at

 (A) Dharmshala 

 (B) Shimla

 (C) Solan 

 (D) Chandigarh

Answer: (B)

38. Indicate the number of Regional Offices of National Council of Teacher Education.

 (A) 04  

 (B) 05

 (C) 06 

 (D) 08

Answer: (A)

39. Which of the following rights was considered the “Heart and Soul” of the Indian Constitution by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar ?

 (A) Freedom of Speech

 (B) Right to Equality

 (C) Right to Freedom of Religion

 (D) Right to Constitutional Remedies

Answer: (D)

40. Who among the following created the office of the District Collector in India ?

 (A) Lord Cornwallis

 (B) Warren Hastings

 (C) The Royal Commission on Decentralisation

 (D) Sir Charles Metcalfe

Answer: (B)

41. The Fundamental Duties of a citizen include

 1. Respect for the Constitution, the National Flag and the National Anthem

 2. To develop the scientific temper.

 3. Respect for the Government.

 4. To protect Wildlife.

 Choose the correct answer from the

codes given below :

Codes :

(A) 1, 2 and 3 

(B) 1, 2 and 4

(C) 2, 3 and 4 

(D) 1, 3, 4 and 2

Answer: (B)

42. The President of India takes oath 

 (A) to uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India.

 (B) to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India.

 (C) to uphold the Constitution and Laws of the country.

 (D) to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law of the country.

Answer: (D)

43. If you get an opportunity to teach a visually challenged student along with normal students, what type of treatment would you like to give him in the class ?

 (A) Not giving extra attention because majority may suffer.

 (B) Take care of him sympathetically in the class- room.

 (C) You will think that blindness is his destiny and hence you cannot do anything.

 (D) Arrange a seat in the front row and try to teach at a pace convenient to him.

Answer: (D)

44. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good achievement test ?

(A) Reliability 

(B) Objectivity

(C) Ambiguity 

(D) Validity

Answer: (C)

45. Which of the following does not belong to a projected aid ?

 (A) Overhead projector

 (B) Blackboard

 (C) Epidiascope

 (D) Slide projector

Answer: (B)

46. For a teacher, which of the following methods would be correct for writing on the blackboard ?

 (A) Writing fast and as clearly as possible.

 (B) Writing the matter first and then asking students to read it.

 (C) Asking a question to students and then writing the answer as stated by them.

 (D) Writing the important points as clearly as possible.

Answer: (D)

47. A teacher can be successful if he/she 

 (A) helps students in becoming better citizens

 (B) imparts subject knowledge to students

 (C) prepares students to pass the examination

 (D) presents the subject matter in a well organized manner

Answer: (D)

48. Dynamic approach to teaching means

 (A) Teaching should be forceful and effective

 (B) Teachers should be energetic and dynamic

 (C) The topics of teaching should not be static, but dynamic

 (D) The students should be required to learn through activities

Answer: (D)

49. The research that aims at immediate application is

 (A) Action Research

 (B) Empirical Research

 (C) Conceptual Research

 (D) Fundamental Research

Answer: (A)

50. When two or more successive footnotes refer to the same work which one of the following expressions is used ?

(A) ibid 

(B) et.al

(C) op.cit : 

(D) loc.cit.

Answer: (A)

51. Nine year olds are taller than seven year olds. This is an example of a reference drawn from

 (A) Vertical study

 (B) Cross-sectional study

 (C) Time series study

 (D) Experimental study

Answer: (B)

52. Conferences are meant for

 (A) Multiple target groups

 (B) Group discussions

 (C) Show-casing new Research

 (D) All the above

Answer: (D)

53. Ex Post Facto research means

 (A) The research is carried out after the incident

 (B) The research is carried out prior to the incident

 (C) The research is carried out along with the happening of an incident.

 (D) The research is carried out keeping in mind the possibilities of an incident.

Answer: (A)

54. Research ethics do not include

(A) Honesty 

(B) Subjectivity

(C) Integrity 

(D) Objectivity

Answer: (B)

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions 55 to 60 :

                James Madison said, “A people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with power that knowledge gives.” In India, the Official Secrets  Act, 1923 was a convenient smokescreen to deny members of the public access to information. Public functioning has traditionally been shrouded in secrecy. But in a democracy in which people govern themselves, it is necessary to have more openness. In the maturing of our democracy, right to information is a major step forward; it enables citizens to participate fully in the decision-making process that affects their lives so profoundly. It is in this context that the address of the Prime Minister in the Lok Sabha is significant. He said, “I would only like to see that everyone, particularly our civil servants, should see the Bill in a positive spirit; not as a draconian law for paralyzing Government, but as an instrument for improving Government-Citizen interface resulting in a friendly, caring and effective Government functioning for the good of our People.” He further said, “This is an innovative Bill, where there will be scope to review its functioning as we gain experience. Therefore, this is a piece of legislation, whose working will be kept under constant reviews.”

                The Commission, in its Report, has dealt with the application of the Right to Information in Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. The judiciary could be a pioneer in implementing the Act in letter and spirit because much of the work that the Judiciary does is open to public scrutiny, Government of India has sanctioned an e-governance project in the Judiciary for about  ` 700 crores which would bring about systematic classification, standardization and categorization of records. This would help the judiciary to fulfil its mandate under the  Act. Similar capacity building would be required in all other public authorities. The transformation from nontransparency to transparency and public accountability is the responsibility of all three organs of State.

55. A person gets power

(A) by acquiring knowledge 

(B) from the Official Secrets Act, 1923

(C) through openings 

(D) by denying public information

Answer: (A)

56. Right to Information is a major step forward to

 (A) enable citizens to participate fully in the decision making process

 (B) to make the people aware of the Act

 (C) to gain knowledge of administration

 (D) to make the people Government friendly

Answer: (A)

57. The Prime Minister considered the Bill

 (A) to provide power to the civil servants

 (B) as an instrument for improving Government-citizen interface resulting in a friendly, caring and effective Government

 (C) a draconian law against the officials

 (D) to check the harassment of the people

Answer: (B)

58. The Commission made the Bill effective by

 (A) extending power to the executive authorities

 (B) combining the executive and legislative power

 (C) recognizing Judiciary a pioneer in implementing the act in letter and spirit

 (D) educating the people before its implementation

Answer: (C)

59. The Prime Minister considered the Bill innovative and hoped that 

 (A) It could be reviewed based on the experience gained on its functioning.

 (B) The civil servants would see the Bill in a positive spirit.

 (C) It would not be considered as a draconian law for paralyzing Government 

 (D) All the above

Answer: (D)

60. The transparency and public accountability is the responsibility of three organs of the State.

These three organs are

 (A) Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and Judiciary

 (B) Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and Executive

 (C) Judiciary, Legislature and the Commission

 (D) Legislature, Executive and Judiciary 

Answer: (D)

Letters to Uncle Sam: Saadat Hasan Manto

Source: https://universalpoetries.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/letters-to-uncle-sam-saadat-hasan-manto-2/

Letters to Uncle Sam: Saadat Hasan Manto

Between 1951 and 1954, Saadat Hasan Manto wrote nine letters to Uncle Sam (America).  Only the first letter was written in 1951. The rest all seem to have been written in 1954. I say ‘seem to have been written’ because three of them bear no date. The last one is dated 26 April 1954. These letters not only tell us a good deal about Manto and his concerns but even more about his political views. The man who speaks through these letters is well informed about international affairs and critical of American policy. We also see Manto’s lighter side at play, enlivened by his caustic, at times savage, wit. We also learn a good deal about his friends and foes. He makes fun of Pakistani communists whom he always considered somewhat fake because they looked for a signal from their political gurus abroad before taking a position on any issue. A man with the independent temperament of Manto found such conduct pathetic and made no bones about it.

It was a Satan’s self-declared disciple Uncle Sam wanted to recruit. The US interest in Manto has a background. Manto once ridiculed the USSR. This invoked US interest in Manto. The Americans must have thought they could recruit Manto on their side in the cultural Cold War.

It all took place in 1951. The United States, in a bid to increase its influence in Pakistan after the refusal by Pakistan to send troops to Korea, had begun to find sympathisers in Pakistan’s political, social and literary circles. An air-conditioned USIS (United States Information Service) library was set up on Lahore’s The Mall.

An US official, Mr. Smith, along with a Pakistani USIS staffer, arrived at Manto’s flat one day. Smith requested Manto to write something for the USIS. Manto replied that he was an Urdu writer and did not write in English. Smith said the articles would be published in Urdu. Manto replied he would only write what he wished to write. Smith had no problem with that. On the question of money, Smith said the USIS would pay Rs 500 per piece. Manto refused point-blank, insisting he would take no more than Rs 200. In the end, a compromise was struck at Rs 300.

A few days later, Manto made a lively entry at the USIS. He handed down an envelope. It was passed on to Mr. Withus, the senior officer at the USIS. Withus was flabbergasted. The envelope had Manto’s ‘First letter to Uncle Sam’. In his first letter, Manto begins with a note of rancour over the absurdity of the Partition, (de-)development in post-colonial Pakistan and US role in these affairs:

Excerpt First Letter to Uncle Sam

31 Laxmi Mansions,Hall Road,Lahore16 December 1951

Dear Uncle,

Greetings,

This letter comes to you from your Pakistani nephew whom you do not know, nor does anyone else in your land of seven freedoms.

You should know why my country, sliced away from India, came into being and gained independence, which is why I am taking the liberty of writing to you. Like my country, I too have become independent and in exactly the same way. Uncle, I will not labour the point since an all-knowing seer like you can well imagine the freedom a bird whose wings have been clipped can enjoy.

My name is Saadat Hasan Manto and I was born in a place that is now in India. My mother is buried there. My father is buried there. My first-born is also resting in that bit of earth. However, that place is no longer my country. My country now is Pakistan which I had only seen five or six times before as a British subject.

I used to be the All India’s Great Short Story Writer. Now I am Pakistan’s Great Short Story Writer. Several collections of my stories have been published and the people respect me. In undivided India, I was tried thrice, in Pakistan so far once. But then Pakistan is still young.1

The government of the British considered my writings pornographic. My own government has the same opinion. The government of the British let me off but I do not expect my own government to do so. A lower court sentenced me to three months hard labour and a Rs 300 fine. My appeal to the higher court won me an acquittal but my government believes that justice has not been done and so it has now filed an appeal in the High Court, praying that the judgment acquitting me be quashed and I be punished. We will have to see what the High Court decides.

My country is not your country which I regret. If the High Court were to punish me, there is no newspaper in my country that would print my picture or the details of all my trial.

My country is poor. It has no art paper, nor proper printing presses. I am living evidence of this poverty. You will not believe it, uncle, but despite being the author of twenty-two books, I do not have my own house to live in. And you will be astonished to know that I have no means of getting myself from one place to the other. I neither have a Packard nor a Dodge; I do not even have a used car.

If I need to go somewhere, I rent a bike. If a piece of mine appears in a newspaper and I earn twenty to twenty-five rupees at the rate of seven rupees a column, I hire a tonga and go buy locally distilled whiskey. Had this whiskey been distilled in your country, you would have destroyed that distillery with an atom bomb because it is the sort of stuff guaranteed to send its user to kingdom come within one year.

But I am digressing. All I really wanted to do was to convey my good wishes to brother Erskine Caldwell. You will no doubt recall that you tried him for his novel ‘God’s Little Acre’ on the same charge that I have faced here: pornography.

Believe me, uncle, when I heard that this novel was tried on an obscenity charge in the land of seven freedoms, I was extremely surprised. In your country, after all, everything is divested of its outer covering so that it can be displayed in the show window, be it fresh fruit or woman, machine or animal, book or calendar. You are the king of bare things so I am at a loss to understand, uncle, why you tried brother Erskine Caldwell.

Had it not been for my quick reading of the court judgment I would have drunk myself to death by downing large quantities of our locally distilled whiskey because of the shock I received when I came to know of the Caldwell case. In a way, it was unfortunate that my country missed an opportunity to rid itself of a man like me, but then had I croaked, I would not have been writing to you, uncle. I am dutiful by nature. I love my country. In a few days, by the Grace of God I will die and if I do not kill myself, I will die anyway because where flour sells at the price at which it sells here, only a shamefaced person can complete his ordained time on earth.

So, I read the Caldwell judgment and decided not to drink myself to death with large quantities of the local hooch. Uncle, out there in your country, everything has an artificial façade but the judge who acquitted brother Erskine was certainly without such a façade. If this judge – I’m sorry I don’t know his name – is alive, kindly convey my respectful regards to him.

The last lines of his judgment point to the intellectual reach of his mind. He writes: “I personally feel that if such books were suppressed, it would create an unnecessary sense of curiosity among people which could induce them to seek salaciousness, though that is not the purpose of this book. I am absolutely certain that the author has chosen to write truthfully about a certain segment of American society. It is my opinion that truth is always consistent with literature and should be so declared.”

That is what I told the court that sentenced me, but it went ahead anyway and gave me three months in prison with hard labour and a fine of three hundred rupees. My judge thought that truth and literature should be kept far apart. Everyone has his opinion.

I am ready to serve my three-month term but this fine of three hundred rupees I am unable to pay. Uncle, you do not know that I am poor. Hard work I am used to, but money I am unused to. I am about thirty-nine and all my life I have worked hard. Just think about it. Despite being such a famous writer, I have no Packard.

I am poor because my country is poor. Two meals a day I can somehow manage but many of my brothers are not so fortunate.

My country is poor, but why is it ignorant? I am sure, uncle, you know why because you and your brother John Bull together are a subject I do not want to touch because it will not be exactly music to your ears. Since I write to you as a respectful youngster, I should remain that way from start to finish.

You will certainly ask me out of astonishment why my country is poor when it boasts of so many Packards, Buicks and Max Factor cosmetics. That is indeed so, uncle, but I will not answer your question because if you look into your heart, you will find the answer there (unless you have had your heart taken out by one of your brilliant surgeons).

That section of my country’s population which rides in Packards and Buicks is really not of my country. Where poor people like me and those even poorer live, that is my country.

These are bitter things, but there is a shortage of sugar here otherwise I would have coated my words appropriately. But what of it! Recently, I read Evelyn Waugh’s book ‘The Loved One’. He of course comes from the country of your friends. Believe me, I was so impressed by that book that I sat down to write to you.

I was always convinced of the individual genius found in your part of the world but after reading this book, I have become a fan of his for life. What a performance, I say! Some truly vibrant people do indeed live out there.

Evelyn Waugh tells us that in your California, the dead can be beautified and there are large organisations that undertake the task. No matter how unattractive the dear departed in life, after death he can be given the look desired. There are forms you fill where you are asked to indicate your preference. The excellence of the finished product is guaranteed. The dead can be beautified to the extent desired, as long as you pay the price. There are experts who can perform this delicate task to perfection. The jaw of the loved one can be operated upon and a beatific smile implanted on the face. The eyes can be lit up and the forehead can be made to appear luminous. And all this work is done so marvellously that it can befool the two angels who are assigned to do a reckoning once a person is in the grave.

Uncle, by God you people are matchless.

One had heard of the living being operated on and beautified with the help of plastic surgery – there was much talk of it here – but one had not heard that the dead can be beautified as well.

Recently one of your citizens was here and some friends introduced me to him. By then I had read brother Evelyn Waugh’s book and I read an Urdu couplet to your countryman that he did not follow. However, the fact is, uncle, that we have so distorted our faces that they have become unrecognisable, even to us. And there we have you who can even make the dead look more beautiful than they ever were in life. The truth is that only you have a right to live on this earth: the rest of us are wasting our time.

Our great Urdu poet Ghalib wrote about a hundred years ago:

If disgrace after death was to be my fate,I should have met my end through drowning

It would have spared me a funeral and no headstone would have marked my last resting place.

Ghalib was not afraid of being disgraced while he was alive because from beginning to end that remained his lot. What he feared was disgrace after death. He was a graceful man and not only was he afraid of what would happen after he died, he was certain what would happen to him after he was gone. And that is why he expressed a wish to meet his end through drowning so that he should neither have funeral nor grave.

How I wish he had been born in your country. He would have been carried to his grave with great fanfare and over his resting place a skyscraper would have been built. Or were his own wish to be granted, his dead body would have been placed in a pool of glass and people would have gone to view it as they go to a zoo.

Brother Evelyn Waugh writes that not only are there in your country establishments that can beautify dead humans but dead animals as well. If a dog loses its tail in an accident, he can have a new one.

Whatever physical defects the dead one had in life are duly repaired after death. He is then buried ceremoniously and floral wreaths are placed on his grave. Every year on the pet’s death anniversary, a card is sent to the owner with an inscription that reads something like this: In paradise, your Tammy (or Jeffie) is wagging his tail (or his ears) while thinking of you.

What it adds up to is that your dogs are better off than us. Die here today, you are forgotten tomorrow. If someone in the family dies, it is a disaster for those left behind who often can be heard wailing, “Why did this wretch die? I should’ve gone instead.” The truth is, uncle, that we neither know how to live nor how to die.

I heard of one of your citizens who wasn’t sure what sort of a funeral he would be given, so he staged a grand “funeral” for himself while he was very much alive. He deserved that certainly because he had lived a stylish and opulent life where nothing happened unless he wished it to. He wanted to rule out the possibility of things not being done right at his funeral; as such, he was justified in personally observing his last rites while alive. What happens after death is neither here nor there.

I have just seen the new issue of ‘Life’ (5 November 1951, international edition) and learnt of a most instructive facet of American life. Spread across two pages is an account of the funeral of the greatest gangster of your country. I saw a picture of Willie Moretti (may his soul rest in peace) and his magnificent home which he had recently sold for $55,000. I also viewed his five-acre estate where he wanted to live in peace, away from the distractions of the world. There was also a picture of his, eyes closed, lying in his bed, quite dead. There were also pictures of his $5,000 casket and his funeral procession made up of seventy-five cars. God is my witness, it brought tears to my eyes.

May there be dust in my mouth, but in case you were to die, may you have a grander farewell than Willie Morrity. This is the ardent prayer of a poor Pakistani writer who doesn’t even have a cycle to ride on. May I beg you that like the more farsighted ones in your country, you should make arrangements to witness your funeral while you are alive. You can’t leave it to others; they can always make mistakes, being fallible. It is possible that your physical appearance may not receive the attention it deserves after you have passed away. It is also possible that you may already have witnessed your funeral by the time this letter reaches you. I say this because you are not only wiser, you are also my uncle.

Convey my good wishes to brother Erskine Caldwell and to the judge who acquitted him of the pornography charge. If I have caused you offense, I beg your forgiveness. With the utmost respect,

Your poor nephewSaadat Hasan Manto,Resident of Pakistan——————–

Manto dropped in a few days later and asked if he should bring another article. He was told by the USIS staff to allow time for the first one to appear. He never asked for money, nor did he enquire about the first article.

Sources –The letter has been translated from Urdu by – Khalid Hasan ( Letters to Uncle Sam by Saadat Hasan Manto, Alhamra, Islamabad, ISBN969-516-047-6 ).